Child custody and visitation laws in the United States focus on determining what is in the "best interest of the child," considering factors like the child's age, health, and emotional ties to each parent, as well as each parent's ability to provide a stable environment. Courts can award custody as sole or joint, with physical custody determining where the child lives, and legal custody involving decision-making rights about the child's upbringing, like education and health care. Visitation, or parenting time, is arranged for the non-custodial parent, which can be standard, supervised, or modified based on circumstances. Factors like parental fitness, history of domestic violence, or substance abuse can influence these decisions. Modifications to custody or visitation can be sought if there's a significant change in circumstances, but parents are encouraged to work out agreements through mediation before seeking court intervention.